Exploitation of Reserve Services from Energy Storage Systems as Load Following Reserves

This paper proposes a model with two categories of variables for the storage devices. The SOC of the ESSs of the first category checks the base schedule of storage during the horizon of operation to satisfy the time dependence of ESSs’ energy level, and the second one will ensure the dispatches through any scenarios. The model links these two categories of variables to be matched at each time step. Hence, any large violations based on the occurrence of unexpected situations will be managed by the operators at real-time decisions.Furthermore, this work considers load forecast errors as a source of uncertainty and considers a stochastic framework with scenarios. The scenario generation is performed using normal distribution function for around the forecasted values of the hourly loads. Then, a scenario reduction method based on probability distance is performed to reduce the computing effort. Other sources of uncertainty can be modeled in the same way.