Dynamic current generation in multi-electrode MFCs under varying substrate complexities

These animations visualise the current generation dynamics in two multi-electrode microbial fuel cells (MFC) over 12 feed cycles with varying substrate complexities. The time-series current profiles are paired with a heatmap that maps the electrochemical activity of all 25 anodes, highlighting spatial and temporal variations in electron transfer. Three of the bottom electrodes were inoculated with wastewater, while the remaining electrodes were kept clean, allowing the proliferation of bacteria across anode surfaces to be assessed.